If you are arrested, it is essential to know and protect your rights to ensure a fair and safe process. Here are the key steps you should follow:
Remain calm and cooperate with basic identification: You must identify yourself by giving your name and address or showing official identification if requested. However, you do not have to answer additional questions, especially about your immigration status or details that could incriminate you.
Exercise your right to remain silent: You have the constitutional right not to answer questions or make statements without a lawyer present. You can say that you prefer to remain silent or that you will only speak before a judge.
Request a lawyer: You have the right to be represented by a lawyer throughout the process. If you cannot afford one, the court must assign you a public defender at the first hearing, known as the “arraignment.”
Know that the process must respect your rights: Authorities must follow specific legal procedures during the arrest and ensure that your rights are respected. If you believe there was abuse or illegality in your arrest, you can file a formal complaint so that it can be investigated and action can be taken against the officers responsible.
In most cases, you cannot avoid appearing in court if you have been summoned or arrested, as your presence is necessary for the legal process to proceed correctly. However, there are some specific situations where you may be able to avoid appearing in person, such as:
Plea agreements or prior negotiations: In certain cases, your lawyer may negotiate with the prosecution to resolve the matter without the need for an in-person hearing.
Virtual hearings: Many courts now allow you to appear via videoconference, making it easier for you to participate without physically attending.
Alternative programs: Some jurisdictions offer mediation programs or out-of-court settlements for certain crimes or civil disputes.
It is essential to consult with an attorney to learn about the options available for your case and jurisdiction. Avoiding going to court without authorization can have serious legal consequences, including arrest warrants.
Yes, it is possible to have your criminal record expunged or canceled, but this does not happen automatically; you must formally request it. According to Article 136.1 of the Criminal Code, all persons convicted by final judgment who have extinguished their criminal liability have the right to request the Ministry of Justice to cancel their criminal record in the Central Register of Convicted Persons, provided that certain requirements are met, such as the passage of a specified period of time and no repeat offenses.
This process means that, once the request has been approved, the criminal record is deleted or sealed and is no longer accessible to the public.
To have your record expunged, you can even submit your request electronically using official forms.
As for police records, their deletion is also possible, but it requires the presentation of a judicial or administrative certificate justifying the definitive cancellation related to the specific case.
In summary, you can delete your criminal record, but you must comply with the legal requirements and submit the corresponding request for the official cancellation to be carried out.